Tham khảo Ethinylestradiol

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 J. Elks (14 tháng 11 năm 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. tr. 522–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
1 2 Goldzieher JW, Brody SA (1990). “Pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and mestranol”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 163 (6 Pt 2): 2114–9. PMID 2256522. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90550-Q.
↑ Fruzzetti F, Trémollieres F, Bitzer J (2012). “An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate/dienogest”. Gynecological Endocrinology 28 (5): 400–8. PMC 3399636. PMID 22468839. doi:10.3109/09513590.2012.662547.
↑ Fotherby K (tháng 8 năm 1996). “Bioavailability of orally administered sex steroids used in oral contraception and hormone replacement therapy”. Contraception 54 (2): 59–69. PMID 8842581. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(96)00136-9.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Kuhl H (2005). “Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration” (PDF). Climacteric. 8 Suppl 1: 3–63. PMID 16112947. doi:10.1080/13697130500148875.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Michael Oettel; Ekkehard Schillinger (6 tháng 12 năm 2012). Estrogens and Antiestrogens II: Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Estrogens and Antiestrogen. Springer Science & Business Media. tr. 4,10,15,165,247–248,276–291,363–408,424,514,540,543,581. ISBN 978-3-642-60107-1. The binding affinity of EE2 for the estrogen receptor is similar to that of estradiol. [...] During daily intake, the EE2 levels increase up to a steady state which is reached after about 1 week.
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1 2 FDA (2007). “Approval history: Estinyl (ethinyl estradiol) NDA 005292”. search: Estinyl
1 2 J.G. Gruhn; R.R. Kazer (11 tháng 11 năm 2013). Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle: The Evolution of Concepts. Springer Science & Business Media. tr. 185–. ISBN 978-1-4899-3496-3. In 1964, ethinyl estradiol was introduced as an alternative to mestranol as the estrogenic component, [...]
↑ Evans G, Sutton EL (2015). “Oral contraception”. Med Clin North Am 99 (3): 479–503. PMID 25841596. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.004.
↑ Donna Shoupe; Florence P. Haseltine (6 tháng 12 năm 2012). Contraception. Springer Science & Business Media. tr. 112–. ISBN 978-1-4612-2730-4.
↑ Hamoda, Panay, Arya, Savvas, H, N, R (2016). “The British Menopause Society & Women's Health Concern 2016 recommendations on hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women”. Post Reproductive Health 22 (4): 165–183. doi:10.1177/2053369116680501.
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↑ Coelingh Bennink HJ, Verhoeven C, Dutman AE, Thijssen J (tháng 1 năm 2017). “The use of high-dose estrogens for the treatment of breast cancer”. Maturitas 95: 11–23. PMID 27889048. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.10.010.
↑ “Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cancer Risk”. American Cancer Society. 13 tháng 2 năm 2015.
↑ IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; World Health Organization; International Agency for Research on Cancer (2007). Combined Estrogen-progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-progestogen Menopausal Therapy. World Health Organization. tr. 157, 433–. ISBN 978-92-832-1291-1.
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↑ Kenneth L. Becker (2001). Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. tr. 1024, 1027, 1035, 2153. ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2. Low-dose COCs contain <50 μg of estrogen and are the primary choice for oral contraception. COCs containing ≥50 μg of estrogen should no longer be routinely used for contraception. [...] The estrogen component of COCs can cause breast fullness and tenderness.
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↑ “U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2016” (PDF). Recommendations and Reports (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 65 (4). 29 tháng 7 năm 2016.
↑ “U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2016” (PDF). Recommendations and Reports (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 65 (4). 29 tháng 7 năm 2016.
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↑ Wang, Bonnie; Sanchez, Rosa I.; Franklin, Ronald B.; Evans, David C.; Huskey, Su-Er W. (tháng 11 năm 2004). “The involvement of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 in the metabolism of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol”. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 32 (11): 1209–1212. ISSN 0090-9556. PMID 15304426. doi:10.1124/dmd.104.000182.
↑ Escande A, Pillon A, Servant N, Cravedi JP, Larrea F, Muhn P, Nicolas JC, Cavaillès V, Balaguer P (2006). “Evaluation of ligand selectivity using reporter cell lines stably expressing estrogen receptor alpha or beta”. Biochem. Pharmacol. 71 (10): 1459–69. PMID 16554039. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.02.002.
↑ Jeyakumar M, Carlson KE, Gunther JR, Katzenellenbogen JA (tháng 4 năm 2011). “Exploration of dimensions of estrogen potency: parsing ligand binding and coactivator binding affinities”. J. Biol. Chem. 286 (15): 12971–82. PMC 3075970. PMID 21321128. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.205112.
↑ Yates MA, Li Y, Chlebeck PJ, Offner H (2010). “GPR30, but not estrogen receptor-alpha, is crucial in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by oral ethinyl estradiol”. BMC Immunol. 11: 20. PMC 2864220. PMID 20403194. doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-20.
↑ Prossnitz ER, Barton M (2011). “The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER in health and disease”. Nat Rev Endocrinol 7 (12): 715–26. PMC 3474542. PMID 21844907. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.122. Further research showed that the therapeutic effect of ethynylestradiol in established EAE was mediated via GPER, but not via ERα, and possibly involved production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il‑10.115
↑ Prossnitz ER, Barton M (2014). “Estrogen biology: new insights into GPER function and clinical opportunities”. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 389 (1–2): 71–83. PMC 4040308. PMID 24530924. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.02.002. In addition, the therapeutic effect of ethinyl estradiol in established disease was demonstrated to require expression of GPER but not ERα, and was associated with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (Yates et al., 2010).
↑ Quaynor SD, Stradtman EW, Kim HG, Shen Y, Chorich LP, Schreihofer DA, Layman LC (tháng 7 năm 2013). “Delayed puberty and estrogen resistance in a woman with estrogen receptor α variant”. The New England Journal of Medicine 369 (2): 164–71. PMC 3823379. PMID 23841731. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1303611.
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↑ Benno Runnebaum; Thomas Rabe (17 tháng 4 năm 2013). Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fortpflanzungsmedizin: Band 1: Gynäkologische Endokrinologie. Springer-Verlag. tr. 88–. ISBN 978-3-662-07635-4.
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↑ Inhoffen, H. H.; Hohlweg, W. (1938). “Neue per os-wirksame weibliche Keimdrüsenhormon-Derivate: 17-Aethinyl-oestradiol und Pregnen-in-on-3-ol-17 (New female glandular derivatives active per os: 17α-ethynyl-estradiol and pregnen-in-on-3-ol-17)”. Naturwissenschaften 26 (6): 96. Bibcode:1938NW.....26...96I. doi:10.1007/BF01681040.
↑ Maisel, Albert Q. (1965). The Hormone Quest. New York: Random House. OCLC 543168.
↑ Petrow, Vladimir (tháng 12 năm 1970). “The contraceptive progestagens”. Chem Rev 70 (6): 713–26. PMID 4098492. doi:10.1021/cr60268a004.
↑ Sneader, Walter (2005). “Hormone analogues”. Drug discovery: a history. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. tr. 188–225. ISBN 978-0-471-89980-8.
↑ Djerassi, Carl (tháng 1 năm 2006). “Chemical birth of the pill”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 194 (1): 290–8. PMID 16389046. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.06.010.
↑ FDA (5 tháng 5 năm 2004). “Schering Corp. et al.; Withdrawal of Approval of 92 New Drug Applications and 49 Abbreviated New Drug Applications. Notice” (PDF). Federal Register 69 (87): 25124–30.
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↑ I.K. Morton; Judith M. Hall (6 tháng 12 năm 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science & Business Media. tr. 115–. ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1.
↑ Council on Drugs (American Medical Association) (1977). AMA Drug Evaluations. American Medical Association. Ethinyl Estradiol [Estinyl, Feminone, Lynoral, Novestrol, Palonyl]
↑ American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Committee on Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals (1983). American Hospital Formulary Service: A Two-volume Collection of Drug Monographs and Other Information. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. ETHINYL ESTRADIOL U.S.P. (Esteed®, Estinyl®, Lynoral®, Menolyn®, Novestrol®, Palonyl®, Spanestrin®, Ylestrol®)